Housing as a driver of cities’ polarization

What we know
- Income levels and housing prices cause demographic sorting among these city types.
- Homeownership is rare for those moving to expensive cities, though they tend to earn more than those who leave.
- People moving to expansive cities generally earn more and are more likely to own homes than those leaving.
- Those who move into legacy cities tend to earn less than those who leave, but are as likely to own homes.
- In the long run, housing costs—and policies—will shape which industries remain viable and which cities stagnate.
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